Does brainwashing really exist and how has it been used? Learn to interpret body language signals and better understand people's emotions.
Struggle to keep conversations alive? Try the easy-to-remember FORM technique. How can the colors around us affect our mood? A new study claims that appreciation of black humor is a sign of intelligence. A look at common defense mechanisms we employ to protect the ego.
How ingratiation techniques are used to persuade people. Learn to interpret the hidden meanings behind the themes of your dreams and nightmares. Is there a purpose behind our dreams and nightmares? Polyphasic sleep patterns, daytime naps and their impact on performance. Learn Body Language Reading. Read Guide. How To Interpret Your Dreams. Overcome your Fears and Phobias. The olfactory signals essentially have a fast pass and directly connect to the hippocampus and amygdala, which are parts of the brain that are linked to emotions and memories.
Another study showed that people who chewed gum during learning and recall were able to retrieve information faster compared to the non-chewers. Thanks to context-dependent effects , the brain links "chewing gum" to "learning," therefore creating a pattern. Next time, try chewing a piece of gum during lectures and minutes prior to an exam—you may just get an extra question right.
It was also shown that chewing gum helps improve your mood and boosts your cortisol levels, which then increases your alertness. The final aim was to determine whether chewing gum improved mood alertness, calm and hedonic tone. Subjects and methods: A cross-over design was used with gum and no-gum sessions being on consecutive weeks.
In each week, volunteers attended for two sessions, two days apart. The first session assessed mood, immediate recall of information from a story and performance on short memory tasks. The second session assessed mood, delayed recall of information from a story and performance of an intelligence test the Alice Heim test.
Nutrition Today, 37, 26— Hagiwara, M. Effects of vinpocetine on cyclic nucleotide metabolism in vascular smooth muscle. Biochemical Pharmacology, 33, — Hasegawa, Y.
Influence of human jaw movement on cerebral blood flow. Journal of Dental Research, 86, 64— Herz, R. The effects of cue distinctiveness on odor-based context-dependent memory. Memory and Cognition, 25, — Kamimoi, G. The rate of absorption and relative bioavailability of caffeine administered in chewing gum versus capsules to normal healthy volunteers.
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, , — Killgore, W. Effects of sleep deprivation on cognition. Progress in Brain Research, , — Maher, B. Poll results. Look who's doping. Nature, , — Mashayekh, A. Effects of Ginkgo biloba on cerebral blood flow assessed by quantitative MR perfusion imaging.
A pilot study. Neuroradiology, 53, — Miles, C. Chewing gum and context-dependent memory effects. A re-examination. Appetite, 48, — Morgan, A. Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial.
Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 16, — Moss, M, Hewitt, S. Modulation of cognitive performance and mood by aromas of peppermint and Ylang-Ylang. International Journal of Neuroscience, , 59— Nadler, R. Better mood and better performance. Learning rule-described categories is enhanced by positive mood. Psychological Science, 21, — Nehlig, A. Is caffeine a cognitive enhancer? Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 20, S85—S Onozuka, M. Mapping brain region activity during chewing.
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Dental Research, 81, — Overman, A. Chewing gum does not induce context-dependent memory when flavor is held constant. Appetite, 53, — Paivio, A. Concreteness, imagery and meaningfulness values for nouns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, S76, 1— Park, D. Models of visuospatial and verbal memory across the adult life span.
Psychology and Aging, 17, —
0コメント